[Abstract] The research and design of three-dimensional shape should be strengthened in the decoration design of packaging containers. This paper analyzes and considers the principles and methods of shape design, and emphasizes the harmony and unity of functions and forms.
[Key words] packaging; form design
The three-dimensional shape of the packaging container is one of the key factors of the packaging and decoration design. The quality of the three-dimensional container design is firstly to show the first impression of the product and become an important feature that can attract consumers' attention; The perfect combination of functions, so that the goods "in the middle of use." Therefore, the designer should pay special attention to the three-dimensional design of the packaging container before handling the planar effect.
First, the principle of packaging three-dimensional design
1. The protection of the contents should be conducive to the consideration of such factors as the contents of the contents and the transportation and storage. If the perfume bottle is designed, since the perfume has a strong volatility, its container and caliber should not be too large, thereby reducing the volatilization during storage and controlling the flow during use; on the contrary, when designing a beer bottle, beer is stronger. As the gas pressure increases, the gap between the bottle mouth and the bottom of the bottle is large, so as to spread the tension force, so as to avoid stress concentration and damage in some parts.
2. It should be easy to use, easy to carry, open and apply. For containers with poor fluidity such as paste content, the shape should not have too much curve change, the mouth should not be too small, the bottle body should not be too high; some beverages, detergents, condiment containers should be Holding hands firmly and effortlessly, it is not easy to drop and fall, and it is convenient to dump.
3. It should be conducive to processing. In the design, factors such as rich source of raw materials, low cost, easy processing, and completion in the same manufacturing unit should be considered, and other factors should not be constrained by other conditions. At the same time, attention should also be paid to the combination of modeling and bottle design.
4. Should pay attention to the unique shape of the image. The unique styling image has a strong appeal to consumers, which can produce subtle synergies between the packaging and the product, and can also create the personality of the product and reflect the characteristics of the product.
Second, the three-dimensional design of art processing
The basic forms of packaging containers include cylindrical, square, conical, spherical and other prototypes, cylindrical upright, square dignified, conical stability, spherical plump. In the design, these types of prototypes can be used to change and combine with each other to generate various design solutions. A single basic shape will often produce a monotonous feeling. If it is properly changed, it will make the shape more rich, vivid and full of vitality. In the design process, the basic shape must first be determined according to certain functional requirements. Just as the color design first determines the basic color tone, this is the basis for change processing. The basic shape is not necessarily a prototype such as a square, a circle, or a cylinder, but other basic shapes based on this may also be included. In the specific treatment, attention should be paid to the simplicity of the level of change. Too many levels will produce a sense of disorder and unfavorable to the visual acceptance. At the same time, they lose the typical characteristics of the basic form and lose the foothold of change. In general, to grasp the relationship between change and the whole, pay attention to the following points:
1. Change should take a key position and focus, and master-slave relationship should be grasped;
2. The physical body should follow the principle of mechanics, grasp the design principles of balance and stability;
3. Gradual changes should be made between different parts of the body so that the harmonization between different body parts is consistent;
4. According to the requirements of different products, choose the appropriate proportion relationship and fit the person's physiological and psychological scale.
Third, the three-dimensional form of design changes in the form of
The change of the packaging container's shape must be combined with the function, material and processing technology of the packaging, and it is forbidden to deal with the morphological changes in isolation; secondly, the styling design must establish the concept of space, and cannot independently consider the outline or the partial surface. Here are the specific design methods:
1. Combination: A plurality of identical or different basic shapes are combined into a whole. The design should pay attention to the overall sense of combination, and the number of combinations should not be too much.
2. Serialization: A plurality of basic shapes are mutually suitable for the change of a square body, and each shape can be a separate shape overall. This change of shape is often applied to the design of the supporting container, and the change should be naturally adapted to each other, and attention should be paid to the convenience of processing.
3. Cutting: This is a form of subtractive treatment. The basic shape is cut locally to change the shape. The cutting position, size, number, and arc can be changed. Care should be taken to avoid sharp edges and sharp corners.
4. Permeation: Permeation is a hole-through treatment of the basic shape. The position and size of the vacancy may vary, but the shape of the vacancy must be simple. Generally, a vacancy is appropriate and should not be excessive. This kind of change processing is mostly used for large-capacity packaging containers or some special gift packaging containers.
5. Concavity and convexity: This refers to the variation of the depressions and bulges in the part of the modeling body. The depth or thickness of the depressions and protrusions should not be too large, and the location of the depressions and projections can vary in position, size, number, and curvature.
6. Texture: The texture affects the visual experience with the surface morphology. Therefore, it is one of the styling design methods to add texture to the surface of the body. Different texture changes can make the pure body produce rich artistic effects. Plastic, glass, metal, paper Material can be surface texture changes, in the form of whole or partial, can be regular, it can be irregular.
7. Specificity: This is an individualized change that corresponds to a more homogeneous and regular form, such as a tilt, bend, twist, or other inhomogeneous shape change of the basic shape. Such containers generally have higher processing costs. Therefore, they are mostly used in high-end packaging. In handling, the shape of the lid, shoulders, body, bottom, sides, corners, etc. can be changed, but we must pay attention to the possibility of processing, And strive to pay attention to economic costs.
8. Imitation: In the design of children's products, entertainment products, holiday products, commemorative packaging or some special gift packaging containers, simulation processing can be used to achieve interesting and vivid artistic effects. In processing, it can simulate the natural form, it can also simulate the artificial form, and it can be simulated as a whole, or it can be simulated locally; it can be a pictographic simulation or a graphic simulation, but it should not be overly realistic and trivial, trying to be concise and general. Should pay attention to the possibility of processing.
9. Accessories: Refers to the harmonization of additional decorations, accessories, and stylings. It is necessary to avoid trivial, outrageous, and artificial behaviors. In the form of printing, ligation, hanging, inlay and other processing methods, through the accessories can make the image more contagious.
10. Light and shadow: Light and shadow are complementary, no light nor shadow. Convex surfaces in different directions in the body are the basis of light and shadow. To make the container have a refractive effect and a shadow effect, it is necessary to increase the number of surfaces in the body of the container. The better the surface is organized, the stronger the effect is. The organization of the surface can be regular or irregular; it can be organized by a hard polygonal surface, or it can be organized by a soft circular surface, depending on the nature of the product.
11. Mosaic: In the container design, different materials are combined in a single body. This is a novel design method. This method can fully package the craftsmanship of the container, cover up and make up for defects in the processing of a certain material. Mosaic designs include metal-to-metal inlays, plastic-to-plastic inlays, metal-to-glass inlays, plastic-to-glass inlays, and metal-to-plastic inlays. These inlay designs are most often used Cosmetic packaging container design.
In summary, the three-dimensional design of packaging containers should be guided by modern design theory, and can be perfected through rich design practices.
Yang Daoling, Department of Industrial Design, Central South University School of Art
Source: China Packaging Magazine
Foshan Gruwill Hardware Products Co., Ltd. , https://www.gwwirebasket.com