Child Safety China Researcher develops video stream analysis model

A research team in China is preparing to launch an artificial intelligence system designed to capture child abuse behavior in kindergartens in real time. Researchers say their artificial intelligence algorithms can analyze a live video stream to track the actions of each student and teacher.

A research team in China is preparing to launch an artificial intelligence system designed to capture child abuse behavior in kindergartens in real time.

The study has been going on for several years, but the recent allegations of child abuse in Beijing's Red, Yellow and Blue kindergartens have sparked heated discussions on this research.

Most kindergartens in China have surveillance cameras installed in the classroom, but many surveillance cameras are not effectively monitored. Researchers say their artificial intelligence algorithms can analyze a live video stream to track the actions of each student and teacher.

When abnormal behaviors (such as slapping) are discovered, the computer can send an alert to the kindergarten administrator, government regulator, or parent for an assessment by sending the clipped video.

Researchers are extensively testing the technology and expect to complete the prototype next year.

Rao Yan, an associate professor of computer science at Guizhou University for Nationalities, said that since the study began in 2013, her team has encountered technical obstacles and funding shortages. She said: "This is the secondary field in the so-called research, and it has not attracted much funding and attention."

Although China has invested heavily in artificial intelligence in recent years, most video analytics systems are currently used only in defense security, including defense and counter-terrorism activities.

However, as a mother of a young child, Rao said she felt obligated to find a technology to solve the problem of preventing child abuse. “Not just my child,” she said. “We are seeing this problem all over the country.”

In China, many kindergarten teachers are young and under-resourced, and some teachers lack adequate training.

The Red, Yellow and Blue Kindergarten is just one of the cases of childbirth abuse in recent years. Some of them have been discovered by surveillance cameras, which have raised concerns about safety hazards and prompted the State Council to inspect kindergartens nationwide.

So Rao and her colleagues started research, and at first they thought it would be an easy job. There are many algorithms to detect violent, abnormal or "crazy" behavior. But they soon found that the existing methods only apply to adults.

“The teacher is big and the student is small. The computer is easy to lose when dealing with video,” Rao said. The child's behavior also caused a lot of confusion for the machine. They may jump up in their chairs, chase each other with a toy gun in their hands, or sit in the corner for a long time to play with sand.

All of these activities are abnormal for adults, but normal for children, so using AI tools developed for adults to monitor children, you will find that the machine is constantly alerting.

So Rao set up a new machine learning algorithm in kindergarten. The team collected a large number of surveillance videos from preschool and entered the data into the computer. At the beginning, the researchers had to tell the machine which behavior was correct and which was wrong, but then the computer learned to properly evaluate the lens and almost no human intervention.

Researchers are testing new videos from kindergartens and they hope to showcase the technology publicly next year. But Rao said that there is still much room for improvement in this system. “This is far from perfect. I hope that more researchers can join this work and accelerate the application of artificial intelligence technology in combating child abuse.

Zhang Li, a professor of electrical engineering at Tsinghua University, said that they and other top AI labs in China will soon shift resources to address child abuse prevention.

Zhang said that many airports, train stations and public places in China have already used this technology to detect abnormal behavior, using facial recognition and so on.

However, to use this technology in kindergartens, the Institute needs to get a lot of data, which is a problem, he said.

“Some kindergartens may be reluctant to share data because these videos may contain sensitive information. Some parents may also have privacy concerns,” Zhang said.

Huang Kaiqi, a researcher at the National Laboratory for Pattern Recognition at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing, said that computers can track movements or gestures by tracking every pixel in a human body image, so that small behaviors can be detected, such as a child being pinned.

“Abuse usually involves a series of behaviors. These actions can form a pattern that can be learned and identified through machine learning,” he said.

Huang also said that other detection methods such as sound and thermal sensing can also be used to collect more information, so that the behavior tracking system can make more accurate judgments.

For example, if a child repeatedly cries after the teacher takes some action, the system may issue an alert. Senior police officers in charge of the national surveillance and alarm system of the Ministry of Public Security said they would consider adding artificial intelligence technology to schools, including kindergartens.

According to official sources, Beijing enacted a regulation in 2012 requiring all schools to install security cameras, but many systems do not have dedicated personnel to monitor them. Hard drives are usually only kept for emergency use.

He said: "Artificial intelligence has a pair of eyes that never blink, a mind that never tires." But he added that technology alone can't solve problems, and abuse can still happen outside the scope of security cameras. He said: "There is no technology that can fully protect our children."

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