The Nyainqentanglha Mountain Range is an important geographic demarcation line on the Tibetan Plateau. It is divided into Tibet, Tibet, and the south part of Tibet, which is equivalent to the Brahmaputra drainage area and the northern Tibet inflow area. In mid-July each year, warm and humid air streams from the Indian Ocean pass through the Himalayas and block the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In the period of two weeks from south to north, the Tibetan Plateau entered the rainy season. Afterwards, the Nyainqentanglha Mountain Range became a part of the annual 400mm precipitation line. The rainy season on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau retreated from north to south from the end of August, and 80% - 90% of the annual precipitation was distributed between July and August. middle. Afterwards, the severe cold accompanied by dryness occupied a long dry season on the vast plateau. The Nyainqentanglha Mountain once again blocked the cold currents in the north and formed a distinct temperature difference in the northern Tibet. The main peak area of ​​Nyainqentanglha consists of four peaks with an altitude of 7000m above sea level. It borders the Qinghai-Tibet Highway to the east, the Tianhu Lake to the west, and Namcoco to the south, the Lhasa Valley to the south, and the Tong Grassland to the north. It is located at 90 degrees east longitude and 30 degrees north latitude. From the Qinghai-Tibet Highway 92 kilometers into the mountains, rising from 4300 meters above sea level. The weather is gradually changing towards the complex alpine atmosphere. Physical communities and types have also undergone drastic changes within a short distance of a dozen public hours.
Climbing Nudo village, into the mountain's excessive camp, a glacial river flows from the village to the south from the north to the south. This river, which originates from the main peak of the glaciers, collects all the glaciers and melts water. It is encrusted with gravel and sediment. It cuts the mountains for thousands of years and forms a deep glacial valley. The peaks on both banks are steep and the vertical elevation is about 800m. The entire mountaineering and investigation activities were carried out on the sunny slopes on the north bank of the river valley. The valley is east-west, with a gap of 600m within seven or eight kilometers from the west to the east. The climate in the mountains is strongly influenced by the topography, with significant daily changes, and the weather conditions are complex. In a day, the weather is fine. Precipitation is dominated by slick hail, and snow is mainly above 6000m in the sea, with thunderstorms and light snow. The hailstone diameter is generally about 4-5mm. There was only 4 days of precipitation-free weather from August 3 to August 23 when the camp was dismantled. Precipitation is mainly concentrated at 16:00 in the afternoon and at 22:00 after the night. Afternoon precipitation lasts for 1-2.5 hours. The duration of the night is longer, but it usually stops at dawn, and the minimum amount of cloud falls from 9:00 in the morning to noon and afternoon rain. Into the night. The temperature changes in the mountains are significant, mainly due to the effects of sunlight, and the temperatures at the shade and the sun can be 7-8°C. On the sunny slope, the temperature can reach 20°C on a daily basis, and the phenomenon of thawing is obvious. The temperature below the snowline at night is rarely below 0°C. Within 20 days, only the night temperature on August 14 is lower than 0°C. Due to the trend of the valley and the faulty wood in the west, the westerly wind blows during the day. The wind power is usually 2-3 grades, and the precipitation process sometimes reaches 5-6 grades. The high rainfall in the rainy season in this area is not only related to the warm and humid Indian Ocean, but also to evaporation in the Nam Co Lake. In general, after the sunny weather, there was a large amount of precipitation, which reflected the impact of Nam Co on the small mountain climate. Precipitation presents a certain degree of inhomogeneity as a function of altitude. The amount of snow between valleys and peaks is relatively small, and it is extremely close to the snowline. At the base camp of the river valley (5,300 m), when the precipitation is seen, the cloud base is approximately equal to the snow line. Cloud formations were observed near Camp C1.
In the study area, the soil types are mainly subalpine shrub meadow soil and alpine desert soil. The former is distributed on both sides of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway and in the lower reaches of the valley (4,300-4,600 meters above sea level). The latter is distributed over a wide area between snow lines at an altitude of 4,300 to 5,800 meters above sea level. Because of the glacier effect, the content of gravel in the soil is large, especially between 5600 and 5800 meters in the lower edge of the snow line. Most of the ice is covered by hail and there is only a small amount of soil between the stones. The short rainy season and strong sunshine brought vitality to Nyainqentanglha Mountain. There were dense plants in the crevices on the sunny slopes, and there were algae and lichens on the rocks. Only after the glacier had flowed out of the valley, on a gentle low ground, the water flowed gently, forming a small patch of meadow swamps. In the shrubs the meadow was full of wild rodents. The main plants on shrub meadows are Lobelia oleifera and Stipa purpurea; the main plants on the alpine desert are low-lying plants such as mat-like lands. There is a clear difference in the plant density between sunny slopes and shady slopes. The shady slopes are barely covered by plants. On the sunny slope, there are many kinds of plants, and some cold-tolerant and drought-tolerant varieties in the Sedumaceae, Mycetaceae, Rosaceae, and Polygonaceae are widely distributed below 5,600 meters. The harsh environment requires a unique adaptation of the plant to the survival of only low- and leaf-leaved plants on a large area of ​​land on the sunny slope, such as point plums. One is to adapt to strong mountain breeze, and the other is to adapt to drought. Plants of relatively large body size, such as Lobelia odoratum, Rhodiola sachalinensis, and spiny green velvet, are generally grown in the crevices of rocks. The shading of the rock can reduce the amount of evaporation in the roots, and the stone also protects its plants above the ground from falling into the wind. The unique body shape of Rhubarb and Rhubarb is very interesting. Their stems are cut off and the leaves are thick, covering a large piece of land and spreading completely. The large blades can not only allow them to receive more sunlight, but also block the evaporation of water near the roots. It is a double benefit. Therefore, although they are large in size, they can also be born without relying on rocks. In addition to alpine pastures, most of the mountain plants have developed root systems. The leaves are succulent, the surface is covered with wax, and some have long stings on the leaf stems, all of which reflect the adaptability to cold and drought. It is not easy for these plants to complete their entire life history from sprouting to breeding in a frost-free period of around 70 days. There are very few animal activities in the study area. The most common are small mammals. In the pastures between 4300 and 4600m above sea level, their terrain is vertical, and until the 5800m snow line, wild rodents are still visible. Sparrow is the only bird seen. It is also often seen in Camp C1 (600m). Once in the valley, a large crow's feathers were found. But in 20 days, they have not seen them. Medium-sized animals, according to special people, said there are wolf and argali. But there is no evidence other than the existence of a cranium cranium.
As it is a pastoral area, the local people mainly rely on shepherds and yaks. Horses and yaks are often inland for transporting livestock. Yak is important for herdsmen. Milk, meat, tents and fuel are all consumed by cattle. On the whole, the quality of pastures in the survey areas is not high and the amount of storage is very low. On the way, the edge climate of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway was found and the environmental conditions were better than those of the river valleys. However, the forage grass was not as good as the river valley. This is due to grassland degradation caused by overgrazing. Herdsmen's grazing areas also gradually receded into the mountains due to grassland degradation, and the yaks were stocked below the snow-lined gravel piles. Poor lands are burdened with excessive burdens, threatening the already fragile ecological balance. Overgrazing is a degradation of pastures - the decline in the production of meat and milk in livestock units - the increase in the number of livestock - the vicious cycle of overgrazing, which casts a shadow on the pastoral animal husbandry. Grazing on high altitude alpine desert soils does not sustain more livestock. At the present stage, the vast undamaged meadow vegetation can also provide the current livestock feed. However, in the long run, this status quo will inevitably lead to the overall imbalance of pasture ecology in the region. Therefore, the rational planning of grasslands is an extremely pressing issue that requires the maintenance of local ecological balance and the protection of herdsmen's lives.
Climbing Nudo village, into the mountain's excessive camp, a glacial river flows from the village to the south from the north to the south. This river, which originates from the main peak of the glaciers, collects all the glaciers and melts water. It is encrusted with gravel and sediment. It cuts the mountains for thousands of years and forms a deep glacial valley. The peaks on both banks are steep and the vertical elevation is about 800m. The entire mountaineering and investigation activities were carried out on the sunny slopes on the north bank of the river valley. The valley is east-west, with a gap of 600m within seven or eight kilometers from the west to the east. The climate in the mountains is strongly influenced by the topography, with significant daily changes, and the weather conditions are complex. In a day, the weather is fine. Precipitation is dominated by slick hail, and snow is mainly above 6000m in the sea, with thunderstorms and light snow. The hailstone diameter is generally about 4-5mm. There was only 4 days of precipitation-free weather from August 3 to August 23 when the camp was dismantled. Precipitation is mainly concentrated at 16:00 in the afternoon and at 22:00 after the night. Afternoon precipitation lasts for 1-2.5 hours. The duration of the night is longer, but it usually stops at dawn, and the minimum amount of cloud falls from 9:00 in the morning to noon and afternoon rain. Into the night. The temperature changes in the mountains are significant, mainly due to the effects of sunlight, and the temperatures at the shade and the sun can be 7-8°C. On the sunny slope, the temperature can reach 20°C on a daily basis, and the phenomenon of thawing is obvious. The temperature below the snowline at night is rarely below 0°C. Within 20 days, only the night temperature on August 14 is lower than 0°C. Due to the trend of the valley and the faulty wood in the west, the westerly wind blows during the day. The wind power is usually 2-3 grades, and the precipitation process sometimes reaches 5-6 grades. The high rainfall in the rainy season in this area is not only related to the warm and humid Indian Ocean, but also to evaporation in the Nam Co Lake. In general, after the sunny weather, there was a large amount of precipitation, which reflected the impact of Nam Co on the small mountain climate. Precipitation presents a certain degree of inhomogeneity as a function of altitude. The amount of snow between valleys and peaks is relatively small, and it is extremely close to the snowline. At the base camp of the river valley (5,300 m), when the precipitation is seen, the cloud base is approximately equal to the snow line. Cloud formations were observed near Camp C1.
In the study area, the soil types are mainly subalpine shrub meadow soil and alpine desert soil. The former is distributed on both sides of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway and in the lower reaches of the valley (4,300-4,600 meters above sea level). The latter is distributed over a wide area between snow lines at an altitude of 4,300 to 5,800 meters above sea level. Because of the glacier effect, the content of gravel in the soil is large, especially between 5600 and 5800 meters in the lower edge of the snow line. Most of the ice is covered by hail and there is only a small amount of soil between the stones. The short rainy season and strong sunshine brought vitality to Nyainqentanglha Mountain. There were dense plants in the crevices on the sunny slopes, and there were algae and lichens on the rocks. Only after the glacier had flowed out of the valley, on a gentle low ground, the water flowed gently, forming a small patch of meadow swamps. In the shrubs the meadow was full of wild rodents. The main plants on shrub meadows are Lobelia oleifera and Stipa purpurea; the main plants on the alpine desert are low-lying plants such as mat-like lands. There is a clear difference in the plant density between sunny slopes and shady slopes. The shady slopes are barely covered by plants. On the sunny slope, there are many kinds of plants, and some cold-tolerant and drought-tolerant varieties in the Sedumaceae, Mycetaceae, Rosaceae, and Polygonaceae are widely distributed below 5,600 meters. The harsh environment requires a unique adaptation of the plant to the survival of only low- and leaf-leaved plants on a large area of ​​land on the sunny slope, such as point plums. One is to adapt to strong mountain breeze, and the other is to adapt to drought. Plants of relatively large body size, such as Lobelia odoratum, Rhodiola sachalinensis, and spiny green velvet, are generally grown in the crevices of rocks. The shading of the rock can reduce the amount of evaporation in the roots, and the stone also protects its plants above the ground from falling into the wind. The unique body shape of Rhubarb and Rhubarb is very interesting. Their stems are cut off and the leaves are thick, covering a large piece of land and spreading completely. The large blades can not only allow them to receive more sunlight, but also block the evaporation of water near the roots. It is a double benefit. Therefore, although they are large in size, they can also be born without relying on rocks. In addition to alpine pastures, most of the mountain plants have developed root systems. The leaves are succulent, the surface is covered with wax, and some have long stings on the leaf stems, all of which reflect the adaptability to cold and drought. It is not easy for these plants to complete their entire life history from sprouting to breeding in a frost-free period of around 70 days. There are very few animal activities in the study area. The most common are small mammals. In the pastures between 4300 and 4600m above sea level, their terrain is vertical, and until the 5800m snow line, wild rodents are still visible. Sparrow is the only bird seen. It is also often seen in Camp C1 (600m). Once in the valley, a large crow's feathers were found. But in 20 days, they have not seen them. Medium-sized animals, according to special people, said there are wolf and argali. But there is no evidence other than the existence of a cranium cranium.
As it is a pastoral area, the local people mainly rely on shepherds and yaks. Horses and yaks are often inland for transporting livestock. Yak is important for herdsmen. Milk, meat, tents and fuel are all consumed by cattle. On the whole, the quality of pastures in the survey areas is not high and the amount of storage is very low. On the way, the edge climate of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway was found and the environmental conditions were better than those of the river valleys. However, the forage grass was not as good as the river valley. This is due to grassland degradation caused by overgrazing. Herdsmen's grazing areas also gradually receded into the mountains due to grassland degradation, and the yaks were stocked below the snow-lined gravel piles. Poor lands are burdened with excessive burdens, threatening the already fragile ecological balance. Overgrazing is a degradation of pastures - the decline in the production of meat and milk in livestock units - the increase in the number of livestock - the vicious cycle of overgrazing, which casts a shadow on the pastoral animal husbandry. Grazing on high altitude alpine desert soils does not sustain more livestock. At the present stage, the vast undamaged meadow vegetation can also provide the current livestock feed. However, in the long run, this status quo will inevitably lead to the overall imbalance of pasture ecology in the region. Therefore, the rational planning of grasslands is an extremely pressing issue that requires the maintenance of local ecological balance and the protection of herdsmen's lives.
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