Proteins are another major component of viruses, including structural and non-structural proteins.
Non-structural protein refers to a protein that is encoded by the viral genome and has a certain function in the process of viral replication or gene expression regulation, but is not bound to viral particles.
Structural protein refers to the protein medicine necessary to form a mature and infectious virus particle | Education network collection, including capsid protein, envelope protein and virion enzyme.
The capsid protein is the protein that constitutes the shell structure of the virus. The protein subunit formed by folding one or more polypeptide chains is the smallest unit that constitutes the shell protein. The main functions of the capsid protein are:
1) Form the shell of the virus and protect the nucleic acid of the virus.
2) The capsid proteins of non-enveloped viruses are involved in the adsorption and invasion of the virus and determine the host tropism of the virus, and they are also the surface antigens of the virus.
Envelope proteins are proteins that make up the viral envelope structure, including envelope glycoproteins and matrix proteins. The main functions are:
1) It is the main surface antigen of the virus. They interact with the cell receptor to initiate the occurrence of viral infection, and some also mediate the invasion of the virus.
2) It may also have the activity of agglutinating vertebrate red blood cells, cell fusion and enzymes.
3) The matrix protein constitutes the sub-membrane structure between the membrane lipid bilayer and the nucleocapsid, has the functions of supporting the envelope and maintaining the virus structure, and plays an important role in the process of virus budding and maturation.
Virus enzymes can be roughly divided into two categories according to their functions: one is involved in the process of virus invasion and release, such as lysozyme of T4 bacteriophage; one is involved in the synthesis of viral macromolecules, such as retrovirus reverse transcriptase.
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