Rock climbing is a sport that has always been derived from mountaineering activities. Even if the climber chooses the easiest route to climb a peak of several kilometers, it will inevitably encounter some cliffs on the way. Therefore, climbing is also a basic skill for mountaineering. Since mountain climbing has few opportunities for ordinary people, climbing cliffs is relatively more opportunity and more exciting and challenging. Therefore, climbing as an independent and popular sport among teenagers quickly spreads around the world. Come. The sport uses human primitive climbing instincts to provide various equipment for security protection. It climbs some rocks to form cliffs, cracks, sea-touch cliffs, boulders, and artificially created rock walls.
Second, history
In 1947, the former Soviet Union first established a climbing committee.
In 1948, the Soviet Union hosted the first climbing competition in the country. This is also the world's first rock climbing competition. Since then, rock climbing has begun to prevail in Europe. In the sixties and seventies, Europe held many private competitions.
In 1976, the Soviet Union held its first international climbing competition.
In 1980, France began hosting various forms of rock climbing competitions.
The international competitions held in Italy in 1985 and 1986 have been highly successful due to the participation of rock climbers from many countries.
Although the rock-climbing movement has attracted many fans, because the natural rock walls are in the suburbs, traffic and time problems have brought about many changes to the people. People can only use the holidays to carry out this sport.
In 1985 the French Francis Schavigny invented a natural imitation rock wall that can be freely loaded and unloaded. He realized the idea that people would move the natural rock wall to the city. Because the artificial rock wall was easier to operate than the natural rock wall in terms of the rules of the competition and facilitated the viewers' viewing, the International Climbing Committee approved the international rock climbing competition on the artificial rock wall as an international official competition in 1987 and held the artificial rock wall in France that year. The first climbing competition. In 1989, the first World Cup climbing competition was held in stages in France, Britain, Spain, Italy, Bulgaria and the former Soviet Union. Athletes participated in the competitions held in various places. Then according to the score of each competition (see the table below), the annual total The best overall score is the World Cup winner. Since then, the World Cup has been held every year.
In 1991, the first world rock climbing championship was held.
The first World Youth Rock climbing Championship was held in 1992.
In 1992, the International Association of Dunhuang to the International Olympic Committee to review the inclusion of rock climbing in the Olympic Games official competition.
In 1993, the International Olympic Committee officially recognized rock climbing as an Olympic project. The International Dunding League is striving to include rock climbing in the 2006 Winter Olympics official competition.
In Asia, the "Asian Ascent Competition Committee" was formally announced in Hong Kong in January 1991, marking the beginning of a new phase in the Asian rock climbing movement. The first Asian Rock climbing Championship was held in September 1992 in Seoul, South Korea. In China, in 1987, the Chinese Mountaineering Association sent 8 coaches and team members to go to the Nagano System in Japan to learn rock climbing. After returning home, the first national climbing competition was held in October at the Natural Rock Wall of Huairou Dashuiyu Reservoir in Beijing. In 1990, the rock climbing competition was held for the first time on the artificial site of the National Mountaineering Training Base in Huairou. In 1993, the rock climbing competition was included in the official competition program of the State Sports Commission, and a national championship was held once a year thereafter. In September of the same year, the first National Rock Climbing Championship was held in Changchun; in October, the first domestic international invitational tournament was held in Wuhan; in December, the second Asian Championship was successfully held in Changchun.
Third, the form of exercise
Rock climbing can be classified differently from different perspectives. According to the organization, it can be divided into Sport Climbing and Free ClimDing; According to the protection mode, it can be divided into Leading Climbing and TOprope Climbing. According to the sports venue, it can be divided into artificial venues. Climbing and climbing on natural sites. Competitive competitions include difficulty, speed and climbing. According to the form of competition, it can be divided into: World Cup and World Championships; Adults over 20 years old and under 19 years old; Men's and women's groups; International, Intercontinental and national competitions. It is also worth mentioning that rock climbing is also an important item in the X-Games at all levels.
Fourth, equipment
Due to the unique dangers of the rock climbing campaign itself, from the date of the sport's birth, people began to continuously develop and produce various equipment and equipment that provide climbers with safety guarantees and facilitate the development of the sport. Climbing basic equipment includes: seat belts, main ropes, iron cables, anti-skid powder bags, rope covers, rock climbing shoes, descenders and ascent devices. Because all these equipments involve the lives of climbers, they must pay attention to their quality when purchasing and choosing. In general, safety is ensured by the International Ascent Committee (UIAA) certification mark and the European Standard (CE) mark. At present, these equipments are mainly produced by countries that have carried out this sport earlier, such as France, Britain, Italy and the United States. In recent years, there have been several shops specializing in mountaineering and climbing equipment in China, which provides more convenient conditions for our country to carry out these sports.
V. Features
Thrilling and thrilling is the most fundamental characteristic of rock climbing. It can fully satisfy people's desire to return to nature, seek stimulation, and challenge nature and challenge self. It is also the source of her love. She is infecting people with her own unique charm and outstanding personality. Participating in rock climbing will make you learn to be strong in the confrontation with the cliffs, feel forgiving in the embrace with the mountains, and enjoy the joy of success and victory after conquering the climbing route. For rock climbers, not only must have good physical fitness, psychological quality, skilled skills, but also have a good ability to adapt, strong perseverance and rich experience in competition. Because the climber is like a gecko or an eagle on the rock wall, she is also a highly aesthetic and ornamental sport and is hailed by many as “rock balletâ€.
Sixth, status quo
The appearance of artificial rock wall has made rock climbing develop to be both a sport and an entertainment. At present, various rock climbing clubs are everywhere. Every year, there are large-scale, small-scale, indoor, outdoor, adult, youth, men, women and other various forms of climbing competitions and recreational activities. In addition, such training has also been carried out in some sports centers, military and police training bases and some special forces. In Europe and America, the former Soviet Union and Asia, Japan and South Korea's rock climbing movements have become quite popular. The world's climbing levels are in Europe and the United States, especially in France and the United States. France is dominant in artificial rock walls, and the United States is strong in natural rock walls. In Asia, the levels of Japan and South Korea are relatively high. Some of their players have reached the world level; the levels of mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taipei are roughly the same, and both belong to the middle class in Asia. After more than 10 years of climbing rock climbing in China, especially in the past two years, the development has begun to take shape, attracting more and more young people to participate, and the development prospect is very gratifying. Since 1997, more than two national or international competitions have been held each year in the country. In August 1998, the highest level of international climbing competition has been held in Xiyue Huashan in the country. In September 1999, China hosted the second time. The 8th Asian Championships. In northern China, especially in Beijing, there are a lot of people who know about rock climbing, and participating in rock climbing has become the fashion of many young people there. Although rock climbing has not yet been widely popularized nationwide, it is heartening to note that through the vigorous publicity of the news media in recent years, many people from areas along the southeast coast, southwest and northwest are carrying out this sport. The country has already built or is beginning to build a variety of natural and artificial climbing sites for people to train and entertain.
Seventh, domestic rock climbing good place
At present, there are a dozen large-scale artificial rock climbing sites in China. Here are some representative sites (until the end of 1998):
1. Extreme Wave Sports Workshop of Shanghai Tongji University Located in Shanghai Tongji University, it is the first indoor extreme sports venue in China and can perform extreme sports such as rock climbing, skateboarding, cycling, and roller skating. Opening hours: From 15:00 to 21:00 from Monday to Friday. Tickets are 15 yuan without notice. During the weekend from 13:00 to 21:00, 20 yuan tickets do not count. The membership card is 200 yuan for the quarter card and 300 yuan for the half year card.
2. National Mountaineering Team Training Base Located in Huairou County, Beijing, it is the earliest artificial site in China. 15m high, reinforced concrete material. Mainly used for national mountaineering team climbing, climbing team training, but also open to the outside, fees: 700 yuan / two hours (of which venue fee 300, equipment costs 200, coaching 200), more than 10 people to go to activities more appropriate, There is a live performance or coaching by a national coach and a top rock climbing expert in China.
3. China University of Geosciences (Beijing)
Located in the Beijing area. 15m high, glass steel surface. It is mainly used for training and teaching of university rock climbing teams, and recruits members of the University Rock Climbing Club.
4, Peking University
Located in the Beijing area. 15m high, glass steel surface. It is mainly used for training and teaching of university rock climbing teams, and recruits members of the University Rock Climbing Club.
5. Changchun University of Science and Technology
Located in Changchun, Jilin Province, the frame height is 25m, the rock surface height is 16m, and the glass steel surface. Mainly used for university rock climbing team training and teaching.
6. Dagang Oilfield
Located in Tianjin Dagang Oilfield, it is the largest artificial climbing site in China. 15m high, glass steel surface. It is mainly used for the training of the Dagang Oilfield climbing team.
7. Yanqi Lake
It is located in Huairou Yanqi Lake Scenic Area, 10 kilometers away from Huairou County. 15m high, glass steel surface. Mainly for external business, the fee is 40 yuan/person.
8, the island of survival
It is located in Huairou, a surviving island in Beijing, 3 kilometers away from Huairou County. 15m high, glass steel surface.
As for the natural rock wall, due to the constraints of rock climbing, equipment, and other factors, there are fewer people climbing natural rock walls in China. However, our country has a vast territory and various styles of cliffs can be seen everywhere. With the further popularization and promotion of rock climbing in China, it is believed that there will be many routes that have been cleared and laid for protection by climbers.
At present, Baiwangshan, Huairou Huangtuliang, and Yanqing Drip Kettle in the suburbs of Beijing have opened up a number of climbing routes of varying degrees of difficulty, because they all serve as a project within the scenic area and are commercially viable. Beijing’s suburban counties such as Huairou, Miyun, and Yanqing have a lot of cliffs that can be climbed. The able-bodied enthusiasts can discover and build on their own.
VIII. Basic points for climbing
After decades of development, the current level has been quite high, and it is still progressing. The climbing, protection, and competition rules it involves can be written separately as a book. This is only inspiring. Some of the most basic points for your reference.
1. Try to save the power of your hands. Climbing is done by using your hands and feet, and by looking for any available fulcrum on the rock surface, you can climb climbers’ own weight and the weight of the equipment they carry. All climbers should have certain arms, fingers, limbs, and lumbar and abdominal strength. Because the arm strength is relatively limited, in the climbing process, leg strength should be used as much as possible to save the power of the hand.
2, control the center of gravity control The balance of gravity is the most critical issue in the rock climbing process, the control of the center of gravity is good, but on the contrary, it will consume a lot of unnecessary power, but also affects the entire climbing process.
3. Resting effectively in a climbing route is definitely simple in some places and difficult in some places. It is more difficult to complete the climb in one go (unless this line is very easy for you), so you want to climb higher, you should It will effectively take a rest, usually to a relatively easy position, in the most labor-saving position, while watching the next section of the line to climb. This point is even more important during the competition. Because of the formal competition, the climbing route is completely unfamiliar and there is only one chance.
4, take the initiative to regulate breathing beginners often ignore this. Climbing a route is a continuous process. From the outset, you should take the initiative to regulate your breathing, and you should not wait until you are too fast to adjust. In addition, it should be emphasized that rock climbing is a dangerous sport. If the equipment is qualified, the protection technology is strong, and the protection personnel operate in a standard and serious manner, there will be no danger. On the contrary, if the equipment has quality problems, the protection personnel will not operate. Normative, not serious, it is easy to risk. Therefore, the protection of rock climbing is a problem that every participant should always pay attention to, regardless of whether he is a beginner or an experienced veteran.
IX. Development Prospects
With the development of our country’s economy and people’s increasing material and cultural needs, people are increasingly keen on tourism and adventure sports. At present, the situation of domestic tourism resources is "Absolutely abundant in resources, relatively poor in resources", that is, there are many scenic spots, but the form is too single to meet the needs of people with different hobbies and different levels. The diversity of tourism and leisure forms will be the main trend of future development. As an emerging extreme sport with adventure and innovation spirit, rock climbing is indeed a perfect combination of these aspects. She plays an invaluable role in promoting the national fitness program and promoting the development of local tourism, leisure and entertainment. Our country is rich in mountains, rich in geographical resources, and cliffs for rock climbing can be found everywhere; Chinese people are smart, light and good at climbing, and by doing so, we can enter the world of rock climbing in the near future.
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