Starch adhesives are being used by more and more carton manufacturers because of their advantages such as high bond strength, large cardboard stiffness, no moisture absorption and softening, no corrosion, no pollution, and low cost of use. Carton manufacturers still using silicates (sodium silicates) do not want to eliminate babbitines, but rather difficult to master the process of making starch binders. According to my understanding, many carton factories have used starch bonding. Some agents even spent thousands or even tens of thousands of yuan to purchase starch compounding technology. However, they eventually failed to use them. They were still using cerulosin, which was banned by the state but had to be used. Adhesive manufacturers also suffer from unstable quality and difficult to grasp.
At present, there are hundreds of formulations and formulations of starch binders, regardless of whether they are similar or not. The most critical process is the degree of oxidation. Over-oxidation, low adhesive viscosity, poor adhesive strength, easy Causes poor paperboard adhesion, lack of oxidation, high viscosity of the adhesive, inability to use on the machine, slow drying of the paperboard, short storage time, easy crusting and gelation. Therefore, how to grasp the degree of oxidation is the key to adhesive production Process.
The starch must be modified before it is formulated into a binder. The purpose of the modification is to improve the adhesion and flowability of the starch paste. The unmodified starch gives a thick paste after gelatinization. In order to prepare a "glue" with good flow properties, the starch must be modified. There are various modification methods such as acid conversion method, enzyme conversion method, dextrinization method, etherification method, oxidation method and the like. The one-step method, ie oxidation and gelatinization, is used to control the binder continuously. Oxidation is generally used. There are several kinds of oxidants with strong oxidation properties of starch, such as sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, periodic acid, potassium dichromate, and Ammonium sulphate, potassium permanganate, etc. The author uses potassium permanganate as an oxidant as an example to briefly introduce the oxidation process:
Potassium permanganate, commonly known as gray manganese oxide. Dark purple, metallic luster crystals, dry and astringent. Molecular weight 158.04, relative density 2.703, decomposed at 240 degrees Celsius, soluble in water, ethanol decomposition.
The oxidation of starch by potassium permanganate can be explained in two ways:
1. The oxidant can destroy the oxygen bridge in the starch molecule. If an oxygen bridge is oxidized and broken, the starch molecule is depolymerized by one molecule into two smaller molecules. After the starch molecule becomes small, the viscosity of the starch after gelatinization To reduce. Such as the destruction of too many oxygen bridges, starch molecules are too small, the starch viscosity is reduced too much, the adhesion can not meet the requirements, so the oxidation should be moderate.
2. Oxidants can oxidize hydroxymethyl groups to aldehyde groups or carboxyl groups in the glucose units in starch molecules.
When oxidation occurs under alkaline conditions, the main carboxyl groups are formed. When oxidation occurs under acidic conditions, aldehyde groups are mainly formed. After the oxidation-treated starch, the intramolecular aldehyde groups and carboxyl groups increase, and the water solubility of the starch molecules increases. The dissolving power of starch in water is improved, the paste made has good fluidity, and the adhesion of paper and fibers is enhanced, so that the initial tacking force is enhanced. Adhesives should be oxidized under alkaline conditions in order to oxidize the hydroxymethyl groups in the starch molecules to strong polar carboxyl groups to improve the flowability and adhesion of the starch paste. For example, under acidic conditions. During oxidation, the hydroxymethyl groups in the starch molecules are mainly oxidized to aldehyde groups, and the aldehyde groups easily form hydrogen bonds between the molecules, so that the intermolecular interaction force in the binder is enhanced, and thus the ginseng gum is susceptible to wire drawing and storage. It is easy to thicken and so on.
During the process of formulating the adhesive, when the bottom water temperature is 20 degrees Celsius, the amount of potassium permanganate should be controlled at 0.4-0.5 kg per 25 kg of corn starch, and if it is used, tapioca starch should be appropriately reduced. When the water temperature is lower than 20 degrees Celsius, hot water can be added to the bottom water to raise the water temperature to shorten the preparation time, and the amount of potassium permanganate can also be increased to 0.5 kg. When the temperature is low, the time for adding caustic soda should be prolonged to control and reduce the viscosity. If the time for adding alkali is too short or the speed for adding alkali is too fast, the viscosity of the adhesive will rise rapidly and even become a phenomenon of stirring. Once this phenomenon occurs, it cannot be diluted with water (because the ratio of starch to water does not generally exceed 1:6.8, otherwise, the adhesive will reduce the binding capacity.) Let it stand still for tens of minutes and let it Oxidize the time slowly to reduce the viscosity of their own to pass, (generally the initial viscosity of about 70-90 seconds) and then add the next borax solution operation. The viscosity of the glue is too high or it becomes agitated because the speed of adding alkali is too fast and the interval time is too short. (It is generally advisable to add alkali 2-3 times, from the first alkali addition to the last alkali addition, one hour is appropriate at about 20 degrees Celsius. If the temperature is higher or lower than 20 degrees Celsius, it should be based on the temperature. Adjust the length of time. When the temperature is above 30 degrees Celsius, add caustic soda at one time.)
The amount of caustic soda in general, 2-2.5kg per 25kg of starch is appropriate. (For solid bases, 95% caustic soda is the best.) Before using caustic soda, use Caomei meter to measure caustic soda content. (See attached table) If the content is less than 95%, the amount of caustic soda should be increased accordingly. If the amount of caustic soda is not enough, the adhesive will be opaque, the flowability will be poor, the adhesive force will be reduced, and it will become thick when it is left for a long time. Excessive amounts of caustic soda will appear alkaline, the adhesive PH value increased, the cardboard easily absorb moisture.
After borax is dissolved in water, it will be hydrolyzed to generate boric oxide ions. When it is added into the gelatinized oxidized starch glue solution, it can join with the oxygen-containing groups in the oxidized starch molecules to form a complex of network structure and make the glue. The viscosity of the liquid increases, increasing the initial adhesion and the ability to hold water. When making tannin glue, the moisture in the glue is not easy to penetrate into the cardboard fiber. Adhesion is not easy to run. Excessive amounts of borax will cause excessive cohesion between the starch molecules in the adhesive and the glue will become rubbery and lose its adhesive strength. In severe cases, the cardboard will appear open and debonded. Therefore, it is preferable to add 0.5 kg per 25 kg of starch. 0.5kg alum can be mixed and dissolved. This not only improves the initial tack and the ability to hold water, but also does not make the intercohesion between the starch molecules in the adhesive too much. Can also extend the storage time of the adhesive. The concentration of the mixed solution of borax and alum is 2.5%.
If you want to fasten the bonded paperboard and increase the stiffness of the paperboard, add a certain amount of desiccant to the adhesive, such as light calcium carbonate, kaolin, clay, OT soil and so on. To avoid precipitation of desiccant, a certain amount of bentonite can also be added. Bentonite can expand under alkaline conditions, expand in volume, and form a stable slurry in the glue. It is mixed with the desiccant to make the suspended mud and desiccant and binder together, avoiding drying. The agent precipitates in the adhesive.
2, the oxidation time is not enough
3, low oxidation temperature 1, stirring, extended gelatinization time
2. Delay the time for adding alkali
3, before adding the preparation of hot water adhesive finished product viscosity is low 1, starch viscosity is low, the amount of oxidant is high
2, high temperature, oxidation reaction speed
3, do not pay attention to observation during gelatinization, measuring the initial viscosity time is too late, reduce the amount of oxidants
2. Shorten the time for adding alkali and add caustic soda once.
3, for low viscosity products, can increase the amount of borax. After the adhesive has foamed on the machine, the glue machine that used silicate has not been cleaned.
2, lack of oxidation, adhesive viscosity is high. 1. Clean the glue machine and defoam with tributyl phosphate.
2. Extend the oxidation time. Runaway phenomenon occurs when silicone rubber is used. 1. Over-oxidation occurs, and the initial adhesive force of the adhesive decreases.
2, the corrugating machine for the temperature and corrugated paper shrinkage rate is too low.
3, the corrugated direction is inconsistent with the flow of corrugated fiber.
4, corrugated paper moisture content is too high or too low.
5, borax is not enough. 1, control the oxidation time, reduce the amount of oxidants.
2, increase the temperature, corrugated paper shrinkage rate of more than 30%.
3, Shun silk rolled corrugated paper.
4, qualified raw materials, moisture content ≥ 8% or ≤ 12%.
5, accurate borax measurement slow drying rate 1, coating amount is too large
2, the adhesive viscosity is high
3, air humidity is high, 1 per square square glue in 85-100 grams.
2, strengthen the glue technology.
3, sticking as soon as possible into the next process adhesive in the storage of thickening or gel, surface conjunctival fast 1, lack of oxidation.
2, the amount of caustic soda is less.
3, the amount of borax more.
5, not sealed and stored. 1, control the degree of oxidation.
2, detection of caustic soda content, strict measurement.
3, strict borax measurement.
4, should be stamped when stored. Cardboard delamination or blistering 1, the amount of borax is too much, after the tannin gel is too fast or the adhesive cohesion is too high, but lose the adhesive force.
2. The up-and-down gluing roller and the upper and lower squeegee roller are covered with dry glue, and the surface of the roller is uneven, which affects the uniform coating of the adhesive.
3, glue machine up and down roller gap adjustment improperly, the tip of the tip is not coated with glue or glue on the tip of the tip because the gap is too small and the roller squeezed off.
4, when picking paper, the middle high did not shoot in time.
5, operating speed is slow, early sticky and sticky.
6, the binder is too thin or too thick, too thin and easy to dry, too thick and dry slowly, easy to degumming cardboard when moving. 1, strict borax measurement.
2. Before working, put the top and bottom rubber rollers and the top and bottom rubber rollers with a scraper to clean the dry glue.
3, the gap between the upper and lower rollers of the glue machine should be higher than the height of the corrugated medium. After the glue, there should be a linear film on the corrugated tip.
4, when the plastic film more pressure.
5, improve the operating speed.
6. When using glue, control the viscosity of the adhesive to stabilize the quality of the adhesive.
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At present, there are hundreds of formulations and formulations of starch binders, regardless of whether they are similar or not. The most critical process is the degree of oxidation. Over-oxidation, low adhesive viscosity, poor adhesive strength, easy Causes poor paperboard adhesion, lack of oxidation, high viscosity of the adhesive, inability to use on the machine, slow drying of the paperboard, short storage time, easy crusting and gelation. Therefore, how to grasp the degree of oxidation is the key to adhesive production Process.
The starch must be modified before it is formulated into a binder. The purpose of the modification is to improve the adhesion and flowability of the starch paste. The unmodified starch gives a thick paste after gelatinization. In order to prepare a "glue" with good flow properties, the starch must be modified. There are various modification methods such as acid conversion method, enzyme conversion method, dextrinization method, etherification method, oxidation method and the like. The one-step method, ie oxidation and gelatinization, is used to control the binder continuously. Oxidation is generally used. There are several kinds of oxidants with strong oxidation properties of starch, such as sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, periodic acid, potassium dichromate, and Ammonium sulphate, potassium permanganate, etc. The author uses potassium permanganate as an oxidant as an example to briefly introduce the oxidation process:
Potassium permanganate, commonly known as gray manganese oxide. Dark purple, metallic luster crystals, dry and astringent. Molecular weight 158.04, relative density 2.703, decomposed at 240 degrees Celsius, soluble in water, ethanol decomposition.
The oxidation of starch by potassium permanganate can be explained in two ways:
1. The oxidant can destroy the oxygen bridge in the starch molecule. If an oxygen bridge is oxidized and broken, the starch molecule is depolymerized by one molecule into two smaller molecules. After the starch molecule becomes small, the viscosity of the starch after gelatinization To reduce. Such as the destruction of too many oxygen bridges, starch molecules are too small, the starch viscosity is reduced too much, the adhesion can not meet the requirements, so the oxidation should be moderate.
2. Oxidants can oxidize hydroxymethyl groups to aldehyde groups or carboxyl groups in the glucose units in starch molecules.
When oxidation occurs under alkaline conditions, the main carboxyl groups are formed. When oxidation occurs under acidic conditions, aldehyde groups are mainly formed. After the oxidation-treated starch, the intramolecular aldehyde groups and carboxyl groups increase, and the water solubility of the starch molecules increases. The dissolving power of starch in water is improved, the paste made has good fluidity, and the adhesion of paper and fibers is enhanced, so that the initial tacking force is enhanced. Adhesives should be oxidized under alkaline conditions in order to oxidize the hydroxymethyl groups in the starch molecules to strong polar carboxyl groups to improve the flowability and adhesion of the starch paste. For example, under acidic conditions. During oxidation, the hydroxymethyl groups in the starch molecules are mainly oxidized to aldehyde groups, and the aldehyde groups easily form hydrogen bonds between the molecules, so that the intermolecular interaction force in the binder is enhanced, and thus the ginseng gum is susceptible to wire drawing and storage. It is easy to thicken and so on.
During the process of formulating the adhesive, when the bottom water temperature is 20 degrees Celsius, the amount of potassium permanganate should be controlled at 0.4-0.5 kg per 25 kg of corn starch, and if it is used, tapioca starch should be appropriately reduced. When the water temperature is lower than 20 degrees Celsius, hot water can be added to the bottom water to raise the water temperature to shorten the preparation time, and the amount of potassium permanganate can also be increased to 0.5 kg. When the temperature is low, the time for adding caustic soda should be prolonged to control and reduce the viscosity. If the time for adding alkali is too short or the speed for adding alkali is too fast, the viscosity of the adhesive will rise rapidly and even become a phenomenon of stirring. Once this phenomenon occurs, it cannot be diluted with water (because the ratio of starch to water does not generally exceed 1:6.8, otherwise, the adhesive will reduce the binding capacity.) Let it stand still for tens of minutes and let it Oxidize the time slowly to reduce the viscosity of their own to pass, (generally the initial viscosity of about 70-90 seconds) and then add the next borax solution operation. The viscosity of the glue is too high or it becomes agitated because the speed of adding alkali is too fast and the interval time is too short. (It is generally advisable to add alkali 2-3 times, from the first alkali addition to the last alkali addition, one hour is appropriate at about 20 degrees Celsius. If the temperature is higher or lower than 20 degrees Celsius, it should be based on the temperature. Adjust the length of time. When the temperature is above 30 degrees Celsius, add caustic soda at one time.)
The amount of caustic soda in general, 2-2.5kg per 25kg of starch is appropriate. (For solid bases, 95% caustic soda is the best.) Before using caustic soda, use Caomei meter to measure caustic soda content. (See attached table) If the content is less than 95%, the amount of caustic soda should be increased accordingly. If the amount of caustic soda is not enough, the adhesive will be opaque, the flowability will be poor, the adhesive force will be reduced, and it will become thick when it is left for a long time. Excessive amounts of caustic soda will appear alkaline, the adhesive PH value increased, the cardboard easily absorb moisture.
After borax is dissolved in water, it will be hydrolyzed to generate boric oxide ions. When it is added into the gelatinized oxidized starch glue solution, it can join with the oxygen-containing groups in the oxidized starch molecules to form a complex of network structure and make the glue. The viscosity of the liquid increases, increasing the initial adhesion and the ability to hold water. When making tannin glue, the moisture in the glue is not easy to penetrate into the cardboard fiber. Adhesion is not easy to run. Excessive amounts of borax will cause excessive cohesion between the starch molecules in the adhesive and the glue will become rubbery and lose its adhesive strength. In severe cases, the cardboard will appear open and debonded. Therefore, it is preferable to add 0.5 kg per 25 kg of starch. 0.5kg alum can be mixed and dissolved. This not only improves the initial tack and the ability to hold water, but also does not make the intercohesion between the starch molecules in the adhesive too much. Can also extend the storage time of the adhesive. The concentration of the mixed solution of borax and alum is 2.5%.
If you want to fasten the bonded paperboard and increase the stiffness of the paperboard, add a certain amount of desiccant to the adhesive, such as light calcium carbonate, kaolin, clay, OT soil and so on. To avoid precipitation of desiccant, a certain amount of bentonite can also be added. Bentonite can expand under alkaline conditions, expand in volume, and form a stable slurry in the glue. It is mixed with the desiccant to make the suspended mud and desiccant and binder together, avoiding drying. The agent precipitates in the adhesive.
Possible problems and reasons in the preparation process
Cause of Problem Solution Gelatinization Endpoint Initially High Viscosity 1ã€Alkaline Addition Speed ​​802, the oxidation time is not enough
3, low oxidation temperature 1, stirring, extended gelatinization time
2. Delay the time for adding alkali
3, before adding the preparation of hot water adhesive finished product viscosity is low 1, starch viscosity is low, the amount of oxidant is high
2, high temperature, oxidation reaction speed
3, do not pay attention to observation during gelatinization, measuring the initial viscosity time is too late, reduce the amount of oxidants
2. Shorten the time for adding alkali and add caustic soda once.
3, for low viscosity products, can increase the amount of borax. After the adhesive has foamed on the machine, the glue machine that used silicate has not been cleaned.
2, lack of oxidation, adhesive viscosity is high. 1. Clean the glue machine and defoam with tributyl phosphate.
2. Extend the oxidation time. Runaway phenomenon occurs when silicone rubber is used. 1. Over-oxidation occurs, and the initial adhesive force of the adhesive decreases.
2, the corrugating machine for the temperature and corrugated paper shrinkage rate is too low.
3, the corrugated direction is inconsistent with the flow of corrugated fiber.
4, corrugated paper moisture content is too high or too low.
5, borax is not enough. 1, control the oxidation time, reduce the amount of oxidants.
2, increase the temperature, corrugated paper shrinkage rate of more than 30%.
3, Shun silk rolled corrugated paper.
4, qualified raw materials, moisture content ≥ 8% or ≤ 12%.
5, accurate borax measurement slow drying rate 1, coating amount is too large
2, the adhesive viscosity is high
3, air humidity is high, 1 per square square glue in 85-100 grams.
2, strengthen the glue technology.
3, sticking as soon as possible into the next process adhesive in the storage of thickening or gel, surface conjunctival fast 1, lack of oxidation.
2, the amount of caustic soda is less.
3, the amount of borax more.
5, not sealed and stored. 1, control the degree of oxidation.
2, detection of caustic soda content, strict measurement.
3, strict borax measurement.
4, should be stamped when stored. Cardboard delamination or blistering 1, the amount of borax is too much, after the tannin gel is too fast or the adhesive cohesion is too high, but lose the adhesive force.
2. The up-and-down gluing roller and the upper and lower squeegee roller are covered with dry glue, and the surface of the roller is uneven, which affects the uniform coating of the adhesive.
3, glue machine up and down roller gap adjustment improperly, the tip of the tip is not coated with glue or glue on the tip of the tip because the gap is too small and the roller squeezed off.
4, when picking paper, the middle high did not shoot in time.
5, operating speed is slow, early sticky and sticky.
6, the binder is too thin or too thick, too thin and easy to dry, too thick and dry slowly, easy to degumming cardboard when moving. 1, strict borax measurement.
2. Before working, put the top and bottom rubber rollers and the top and bottom rubber rollers with a scraper to clean the dry glue.
3, the gap between the upper and lower rollers of the glue machine should be higher than the height of the corrugated medium. After the glue, there should be a linear film on the corrugated tip.
4, when the plastic film more pressure.
5, improve the operating speed.
6. When using glue, control the viscosity of the adhesive to stabilize the quality of the adhesive.
Attachment: Concentration of liquid caustic soda, Pomi, concentration
Alkali concentration (% by weight) Density (g/cm) Celsius 20 degrees Po (Be) Liquor alkali concentration (% by weight) Density (g/cm) Celsius 20 degrees Po Mis (Be) 91.09813.10261.28532.60101.10914. 40281.30634.40121.13117.00301.328 Next: a notice: use of waste porcelain production of artificial stone success
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