The four-headed official hat chair is the most primitive form of chair. Because of its brain and handrails, it is named after the hat of an ancient official. The seemingly simple chair is actually a lot of famous. Some of the small details, even those that are experienced in production, may not have been noticed, but it is precisely these small details that make the classics of the Ming Dynasty four-headed official hat chair; and if these details are not done well, they can only become a failure. The work.
First, focus on the "best ratio"
The "head" of the four-headed official hat chair is the most distinctive place for the chair. It seems that it is not so simple to look at the coordination, naturally, look at the following "best ratios", perhaps a small change, it will change the culture and meaning it presents.
The best proportion of the brain and the armrests: Take the brain out of the head, rather than short, must be slightly shorter than the handrail is about one centimeter.
The best ratio of brain and backboard: The length of the head part of the brain should be about 1/2 of the width of the half of the back panel. If it reaches or exceeds 3/4, it will be exaggerated. I call it "run." Qi, "qi" can not go from the brain to the chair legs, it can not show the unique and subtle temperament unique to Jiangnan literati.
The optimal proportion of the backboard: The backboard of the four-headed official hat chair generally has an "S" curved backboard and a three-segment backboard, and the "S" curved backboard is required to conform to the human body ratio, which is close to the human spine ratio. The perfect arc is formed; the design of the three-segment backboard should be in the middle, long and short proportions from top to bottom, just like a person, the upper part is the face, the middle part is the body, and the lower part is the lower part. Short skirts, skirts and faces can't be too big, too big will also lose the spirit.
The back plate of the "S" bend must conform to the proportion of the human body and is close to the proportion of the human spine.
Second, there is a sense of fluidity "tidal ridge"
Another highlight of the four-headed official hat chair is that the line between the brain and the backboard should present a kind of collision dynamic, allowing people to feel a beautiful curve and rhythm. If you savor, everyone can move from furniture to another.
"Temperature Ridge" presents a dynamic collision
Third, there are "奓" from top to bottom.
The literal meaning of "奓" is to open and open, and the building is also called the side foot. In the four-headed official hat chair, the careful person will find that its four legs are not vertical. When making furniture, many masters know that to show the stretch and stability of the chair, the four legs at the lower end of the chair should not be vertical, but should have a slight sense of relaxation. Therefore, the legs below the seat should be relaxed outward. . It should be noted that not only the lower end part of the four legs should have a squat, but also the upper end part of the rear leg should have the same, the whole bottom from the bottom up, gradually getting inward, so that it is more coordinated and more stretched.
The four legs should not be perpendicular to the seat, but should have a slight sense of relaxation.
The "four in the first" design was originally intended to be stable.
The structure of the four-headed official hat chair is very reasonable. From the perspective of the structure of the wood, the handrails and front legs of the chair, the junctions of the brain and the hind legs, are to be firm and clear, and the simple and easy way is straight.榫 and 榫.
Before the middle of the Ming Dynasty, hardwood was not introduced, and the earthworms were not developed. From the murals of the Tang Dynasty, the sorghum seat of the Song Dynasty, and the seat of the emperor’s statues, it can be found that the furniture production has adopted a lot of simple and straightforward . Most of the chairs in the Tang and Song Dynasties are in their early fours. In the parts where the cross-vertical materials are placed at the brain and the handrails, except for the opening part, if they are in the same position, the cockroaches will not be strong, leaving the head, it is not easy to chapped, this is also Formed the initial form of the four-headed official hat chair.
The “four-outer†design was originally designed to stabilize the connection between the brain and the handrail.
Just like the "squid head" on the armrests of the four-headed official hat chair, and the heads that are found on both sides of the brain, originally for the sake of the sturdiness, not a design, it is the foundation of the raft and structure. On the other hand, it gradually evolved more design. This is also my most basic understanding of the four-headed official hat chair.
The "high-warping" design contrasts with the graceful style of Ming style furniture.
The four-headed official hat chair has different cultures and stylings in different eras. Some signs can be found from the portraits of Gaochun and the collections of the museum. The four generations of the Tang Dynasty were high and raised, and they remained in this form during the Five Dynasties. During the Song Dynasty, due to the war between ethnic minorities and Han nationality, the consciousness of social pray for stability was extremely strong. The furniture of Song Dynasty began to admire the rigid and straight style. At this time, the four-headed official hat chair, The brain is also mostly straight. In the Southern Song Dynasty, due to the influence of Jiangnan culture, its cold style gradually softened. Especially in the Yuan Dynasty, influenced by the national culture of the grassland, people's aesthetics tend to be more round and unrestrained.
Extended reading: Classic interpretation: the four-headed official hat chair of Ming style furniture
During the Ming Dynasty, Confucian worshipped Zen and Wang Yangming's psychology became mainstream philosophical thoughts in the Ming Dynasty, and detonated the trend of ideological emancipation in the late Ming Dynasty. These added the concept of freedom, comfort and simplicity in traditional rituals. The style of the furniture, which has been straight, tortuous, and unrestrained, has changed.
However, by the beginning of the 21st century, even now, there are still some furniture factories that use Gaoqiao as a selling point when making the Ming-style four-headed official hat chair. They think that the four heads are big and the materials are rich, it is very stylish and rich, especially For the expensive red sandalwood and huanghuali four-headed official hat chair, in fact, this style and the style of Ming style furniture are just the opposite, can only more prominently highlight the local people's consumption psychology.
The atmosphere of each piece of furniture is rich in the characteristics of the times. Every part of the furniture must conform to the coherence of the overall shape of the furniture, in line with its overall charm and artistic style. The four-headed official hat chair of Ming-style furniture not only shows its stretch, but also highlights its subtle theme of subtlety and grace. This is the true cultural significance of mahogany furniture, not how heavy it is and how valuable it is, but the historical culture it carries.
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